Избиение жены в Исламе: различия между версиями

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{{Цитата|«Помяни Нашего раба Айюба (Иова). Он воззвал к своему Господу: «Дьявол причинил мне вред и мучения!» Ему было сказано: «Топни ногой! Вот прохладная вода для купания и питье». Мы даровали ему его семью и еще столько же вместе с ними по Нашей милости и как напоминание для обладающих разумом. '''Возьми в руку пучок, ударь им жену''' и не преступай клятвы». Воистину, Мы нашли его терпеливым. Как прекрасен был этот раб! Воистину, он всегда обращался к Аллаху.»|{{Коран|38|41|44}}}}
{{Цитата|«Помяни Нашего раба Айюба (Иова). Он воззвал к своему Господу: «Дьявол причинил мне вред и мучения!» Ему было сказано: «Топни ногой! Вот прохладная вода для купания и питье». Мы даровали ему его семью и еще столько же вместе с ними по Нашей милости и как напоминание для обладающих разумом. '''Возьми в руку пучок, ударь им жену''' и не преступай клятвы». Воистину, Мы нашли его терпеливым. Как прекрасен был этот раб! Воистину, он всегда обращался к Аллаху.»|{{Коран|38|41|44}}}}


===Wife-Beating in the Hadiths===
===Избиение жены в хадисах===


Some Muslims deny the Qur'an permits wife-beating and claim surah 4:34 has been misinterpreted, but in the Hadiths there are several examples, from various Hadith narrators and collectors, of Muhammad divinely ordaining wife-beating, thus confirming the correct understanding of surah 4:34.
Некоторые мусульмане отрицают, что Коран позволяет избивать жену и заявляют, что Коран 4:34 неправильно толкуют, но в хадисах есть немало примеров того, как Мухаммед констатирует божественную оправданость избиения жены, что подтверждает правильное понимание Коран 4:34.  


In our first hadith, [[Muhammad]] causes his wife [[Aisha]] physical pain by striking her in the chest.
Предлагаем вам хадис, который рассказывает, как [[Мухаммад_ибн_Абдуллах|Мухаммед]] причинил своей жене [[Аиша|Айше]] физическую боль, ударив ее в грудь.


{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|2127}}|Muhammad b. Qais said (to the people): Should I not narrate to you (a hadith of the Holy Prophet) on my authority and on the authority of my mother? We thought that he meant the mother who had given him birth. He (Muhammad b. Qais) then reported that it was 'A'isha who had narrated this: Should I not narrate to you about myself and about the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him)? We said: Yes. She said: When it was my turn for Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) to spend the night with me, he turned his side, put on his mantle and took off his shoes and placed them near his feet, and spread the corner of his shawl on his bed and then lay down till he thought that I had gone to sleep. He took hold of his mantle slowly and put on the shoes slowly, and opened the door and went out and then closed it lightly. I covered my head, put on my veil and tightened my waist wrapper, and then went out following his steps till he reached Baqi'. He stood there and he stood for a long time. He then lifted his hands three times, and then returned and I also returned. He hastened his steps and I also hastened my steps. He ran and I too ran. He came (to the house) and I also came (to the house). I, however, preceded him and I entered (the house), and as I lay down in the bed, he (the Holy Prophet) entered the (house), and said: Why is it, O 'A'isha, that you are out of breath? I said: There is nothing. He said: Tell me or the Subtle and the Aware would inform me. I said: Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be ransom for you, and then I told him (the whole story). He said: Was it the darkness (of your shadow) that I saw in front of me? I said: Yes. '''He struck me on the chest which caused me pain,''' and then said: Did you think that Allah and His Apostle would deal unjustly with you? She said: Whatsoever the people conceal, Allah will know it. He said: Gabriel came to me when you saw me. He called me and he concealed it from you. I responded to his call, but I too concealed it from you (for he did not come to you), as you were not fully dressed. I thought that you had gone to sleep, and I did not like to awaken you, fearing that you may be frightened. He (Gabriel) said: Your Lord has commanded you to go to the inhabitants of Baqi' (to those lying in the graves) and beg pardon for them. I said: Messenger of Allah, how should I pray for them (How should I beg forgiveness for them)? He said: Say, Peace be upon the inhabitants of this city (graveyard) from among the Believers and the Muslims, and may Allah have mercy on those who have gone ahead of us, and those who come later on, and we shall, God willing, join you.}}
{{Цитата|Передают от Мухаммада Ибн Кайса Ибн Махрамы Ибн Аль-Мутта-либа, что, однажды, он сказал: «Хотите, я передам вам хадис от себя и от моей мамы?» Он сказал: «Мы подумали, что он имеет ввиду свою мать, ту, которая родила его. Он сказал: «Аиша сказала: «Хотите, я передам вам хадис от себя и от Посланника Аллаха?» Мы ответили: «Да, конечно!» Она сказала: «Когда наступила моя ночь, тогда Пророк, должен был ночевать со мной, он вернулся и снял свой плащ, снял сандалии, положив их у свои ног и, расстелив один конец изара на кровати, прилег. Он выждал какое-то время, а когда счел, что я уже сплю, взял тихонько свой плащ, тихонько обулся и, открыв дверь, вышел, а затем осторожно закрыл ее. Я надела на голову свой шлем, закрыла свое лицо и подвязала на себе свой изар. Я отправилась следом за ним. А пришел он на Аль-Бакы. Он встал и долго стоял, затем поднял свои руки три раза, а затем повернулся. Тогда я тоже повернулась. Тут он пошел быстрее и я тоже пошла быстрее. Тогда он побежал и я побежала тоже. Он прибыл и я прибыла, но я обогнала его и вошла и сразу же легла. Он вошел и спросил: «Что это ты, Аиш, запыхалась, волнуешься?» Она сказала: «Я ответила: «Ничего». Он сказал: «Сейчас же расскажи в чем дело, а иначе мне все сообщит Всезнающий, Всеведущий». Она сказала: «И я сообщила ему, а он спросил: «Значит, ты то самое черное пятно, которое я видел перед собой?» Я ответила: «Да». '''И он больно шлепнул меня в грудь''', а затем сказал: «Неужели ты подумала, что Аллах обидит тебя и Его Посланник?!» Она ответила: «Чтобы ни скрывали люди, Аллах знает это. Да». Он сказал: «Ко мне пришел Джибриль, именно тогда, когда ты видела. Он призвал меня, но Он скрыл его от тебя. Я откликнулся, но я скрыл его от тебя. Он не заходил при тебе, ты же сложила свои одежды. Я подумал, что ты уснула и мне было неприятно будить тебя, потому что опасался, что (в моем отсутствии) ты почувствуешь одиночество». И он сказал: «Истинно, твой Господь приказывает тебе прийти к обитателям Аль-Бакыа и попросить за них прощения». Она сказала: «И я спросила: «Что мне сказать им, Посланник Аллаха?» Он сказал: «Скажи: «Мир населению обители, которое состоит из верующих и мусульман! Аллах милует живших раньше среди нас и живущих позже. Мы, если пожелает Аллах, к вам присоединимся»|{{Muslim|4|2127}}}}


In the next hadith, Abu Bakr (the first Rightly-Guided [[Caliph]] of Islam), also strikes Aisha violently with his fist.
В следующем хадисе Абу Бакр (первый исламский [[халиф]]), также, сильно бьет Айшу кулаком.  


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|82|828}}, See also: {{Bukhari|1|7|330}}, and {{Bukhari|6|60|132}}|Narrated Aisha:Abu Bakr came to towards me and '''struck me violently with his fist''' and said, "You have detained the people because of your necklace." But I remained motionless as if I was dead lest I should awake Allah's Apostle although that hit was very painful.}}
{{Цитата|«Рассказывает Айша: Абу Бакр пришел ко мне, '''ударил меня сильно кулаком''' и сказал: Ты задержала людей из-за своего ожерелья. Я оставался неподвижной, чтобы я не проснулся посланник Аллаха, хотя удар был очень болезненным.»|{{Bukhari|8|82|828}}, см. также: {{Bukhari|1|7|330}}, и {{Bukhari|6|60|132}}}}


In the following hadith, Abu Bakr informs Muhammad he slapped [[Khadijah|Khadijah’s]] daughter, and Muhammad responds by laughing and tells Abu Bakr his wives are asking him for more money. Abu Bakr and Umar (the second Rightly-Guided Caliph of Islam) respond by slapping [[Muhammad's Wives|Muhammad's wives]], Hafsa and (for the third time) Aisha. Later on Muhammad gives a decree instructing men to not beat their wives, but changes his mind once Umar informs him that some of the women have become embolden towards their husbands. The women complain to Muhammad and he responds by stating they are not the best among you and a man will not be asked as to why he beats his wife.
В следующем хадисе Абу Бакр сообщает Мухаммеду, что он ударил его дочь [[Хадиджа|Хадижу]], на что Мухаммед отреагировал смехом. Затем Абу Бакр и Умар (второй исламский халиф) [[Muhammad's Wives|побили жен]] Мухаммеда - Хафсу и Айшу. Позже Мухаммед дает указ, запрещающий мужчинам бить жен, но после того, как Умар сообщает ему, что некоторые женщины стали смелы по отношению к мужьям, Мухаммед отменяет указ и разрешает бить жен.  


{{Quote|{{Abudawud|11|2139-2142}}|Jabir b. Abdullah ( Allah be pleased with them ) reported: Abu Bakr ( Allah be pleased with him ) came and sought permission to see Allah’s Messenger ( may be peace upon him ). He found people sitting on the floor at his door and none amongst them had been granted permission and it was granted to him, and he found Allah’s apostles ( may peace be upon him ) sitting sad and silent with his wives around him. He ( Hadrat ‘Umar ) said: Messenger of Allah, I wish you had seen ( the treatment meted out to ) the daughter of Khadijah when you asked me some money, and '''I got up and slapped her on the neck.''' Allah’s Messenger ( may peace be upon him ) laughed and said: They are around me as you see, asking for extra money. Abu Bakr ( Allah be pleased with him )then got up and went to Aisha ( Allah be pleased with her ) and '''slapped her on the neck''', and Umar stood before Hafsa and '''slapped her saying''': You ask Allah’s messenger ( may peace be upon him ) for anything he does not possess. Then he withdrew from them for a month or for twenty-nine days. This verse was revealed to him: “Prophet say to thy wives...for a mighty reward”. He then went first to Aisha ( Allah be pleased with her ) and said: I want to propound something to you,  Aisha, but wish no hasty reply before you consult your parents. She said: Messenger of Allah, what is that? He said ( the Holy Prophet ) recited to her the verse, whereupon she said: Is it about you that I should consult my parents, Messenger of Allah? Nay, I choose Allah, His Messenger, and the Last Abode, but I ask you not to tell any of your wives what I have replied: Not one of them will ask me without my informing her. God did not send me to be harsh, or cause harm, but he sent me to teach and make things easy.Narrated Mu'awiyah al-Qushayri:I went to the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) and asked him: What do you say (command) about our wives? He replied: Give them food what you have for yourself, and clothe them by which you clothe yourself, and do not beat them, and do not revile them. Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abu Dhubab: Iyas Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abu Dhubab reported the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) as saying: Do not beat Allah's handmaidens, but when Umar came to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) and said: Women have become emboldened towards their husbands, he (the Prophet) '''gave permission to beat them'''. Then many women came round the family of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) complaining against their husbands. So the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) said: '''Many women have gone round Muhammad's family complaining against their husbands. They are not the best among you'''. Narrated Umar Ibn Al-Khattab:  The Prophet ( peace be upon him ) said: '''A man will not be asked as to why he beat his wife'''.}}
{{Цитата|«Джабир бин Абдулла сообщил: «Абу Бакр пришел к посланнику Аллаха и увидел его грустным и молчаливым, сидящим в окружении своих жен. Он сказал: «Посланник Аллаха, я хочу, чтобы ты знал, как я поступил дочерью Хадижы; она попросила у меня денег и я '''ударил ее по шее'''». Посланник Алаха засмеялся и сказал: «Они, вокруг меня, тоже просят дополнительных денег».  
Тогда Абу Бакр подошел к Айше и '''ударил ее по шее''', а Умар, который стоял рядом с Хафсой, '''ударил ее''' и сказал: «Ты просишь у посланника Аллаха то, чего у него нет». После этого Мухаммед покинул своих жен на месяц.  


In the next hadith, Ali (the fourth Rightly-Guided Caliph of Islam) gives a [[Slavery|slave-girl]] a violent beating in front of Muhammad.
Аяс ибн Абдулла сообщил, что посланник Аллаха сказал: «Не бейте рабынь Аллаха», но когда Умар пришел к посланнику Аллаха и сказал, что женщины стали смелы по отношению к своим мужьям, тогда '''пророк дал разрешение их бить'''. После этого многие женщины пришли к посланнику Аллаха и стали жаловаться на мужей. И тогда посланник Аллаха сказал: «'''Женщины, что жалуются на своих мужей, не лучшие среди среди женщин'''».  


{{Quote|Ibn  Ishaq:  p 496|As for Ali he said “Women are plentiful, and you can easily change one for another.  Ask the slave girl; she will tell you the truth.” So the Apostle called Burayra to ask her and  Ali got up and gave her a violent beating, saying, ‘Tell the Apostle the truth.’”}}
Умар ибн аль-Хаттаб сообщил, что посланник Аллаха сказал: «'''Да не спросят у мужчины, почему он бьет свою жену.'''»|{{Abudawud|11|2139-2142}}}}


In the following hadith, a woman complains to Muhammad about her husband and shows him where he had beaten and bruised her. Muhammad listens to the husband’s side of the story and comes to the conclusion the reason why his wife is complaining is because he cannot sexually satisfy her and she wants to go back to her ex-husband, when all she is really saying is that he is abusing her. Instead of scolding her husband for beating her, Muhammad says she cannot [[Marriage|re-marry]] her ex unless she has [[Reproduction|sexual intercourse]] with her husband first.
В следующем хадисе Али (четвертый исламский халиф) жестоко бьет [[Slavery|невольницу]] на глазах у Мухаммеда.  


Also in this hadith, Aisha states that she has not seen any woman suffering as much as the believing women, meaning Muslim women were suffering more than their [[Paganism|pagan]] and [[Abrahamic Religions|Abrahamic]] counterparts.
{{Цитата|«Усама сказал: «О Посланник Аллаха! О твоей семье известно только хорошее. Все это — ложь и неправда». Али в свою очередь сказал: «О Посланник Аллаха! Женщин много. Ты можешь легко найти замену. Спроси служанку, она тебе скажет правду». Пророк позвал Бурайру, чтобы расспросить ее. К ней подошел Али ибн Абу Талиб и сильно ее ударил, приговаривая: «Говори правду Посланнику Аллаха!»|Ибн Исхак, «Сират Расул Аллах»}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|6|715}}|Narrated Ikrima: 'Rifaa divorced his wife whereupon Abdur-Rahman married her. Aisha said that the lady came wearing a green veil and complained to her (Aisha) and showed her a '''green spot on her skin caused by beating.''' It was the habit of ladies to support each other, so when Allah's messenger came, Aisha said, '''"I have not seen any woman suffering as much as the believing women. Look! Her skin is greener than her clothes'''! When Abdur-Rahman heard that his wife had gone to the prophet, he came with his two sons from another wife. She said, "By Allah! I have done no wrong to him, but he is impotent and is as useless to me as this," holding and showing the fringe of her garment. Abdur-Rahman said, "By Allah, O Allah's messenger! She has told a lie. I am very strong and can satisfy her, but she is disobedient and wants to go back to Rifaa." Allah's messenger said to her, "If that is your intention, then know that it is unlawful for you to remarry Rifaa unless Abdur-Rahman has had sexual intercourse with you." The prophet saw two boys with Abdur-Rahman and asked (him), "Are these your sons?" On that Abdur-Rahman said, "Yes." The prophet said, "You claim what you claim (that he is impotent)? But by Allah, these boys resemble him as a crow resembles a crow."}}
В следующем хадисе женщина жалуется Мухаммеду на избиения со стороны мужа. Увидев синяки на теле женщины, Айша говорит Мухаммеду, что она не видела (ни у [[Paganism|язычников]], ни у [[Abrahamic Religions|людей Книги]]), чтобы женщины так страдали, как страдают мусульманки. Но Мухаммед, вместо того, чтобы отчитать мужа, запрещает женщине [[Marriage|разводиться]] и без [[Reproduction|дальнейших половых актов]] с мужем.  


{{Quote|{{Muslim|9|3526-3527}}|Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported that her husband divorced her with three, pronouncements and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) made no provision for her lodging and maintenance allowance. She (further said): Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to me: When your period of 'Idda is over, inform me. So I informed him. (By that time) Mu'awiya, Abu Jahm and Usama b. Zaid had given her the proposal of marriage. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: So far as Mu'awiya is concerned, he is a poor man without any property. So far as Abu Jahm is concerned, '''he is a great beater of women''', but Usama b. Zaid... She pointed with her hand (that she did not approve of the idea of marrying) Usama. But Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon himn) said: Obedience to Allah and obedience to His Messenger is better for thee. She said: So I married him, and I became an object of envy. Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported: My husband Abu 'Amr b. Hafs b. al-Mughira sent 'Ayyish b. Abu Rabi'a to me with a divorce, and he also sent through him five si's of dates and five si's of barley. I said: Is there no maintenance allowance for me but only this, and I cannot even spend my 'Idda period in your house? He said: No. She said: I dressed myself and came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). He said: How many pronouncements of divorce have been made for you? I said: Three. He said what he ('Ayyish b. Abu Rabi'a) had stated was true. There is no maintenance allowance for you. Spend 'Idda period in the house of your cousin, Ibn Umm Maktum. He is blind and you can put off your garment in his presence. And when you have spent your Idda period, you inform me. She said: Mu'awiya and Abu'l-Jahm (Allah be pleased with them) were among those who had given me the proposal of marriage. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: Mu'awiya is destitute and in poor condition and Abu'l-Jahm '''is very harsh with women (or he beats women, or like that)''', you should take Usama b. Zaid (as your husband).}}
{{Цитата|«Айша рассказала, что женщина, одетая в зелёное, пожаловалась ей на избиения со стороны мужа и показала ушиб. Когда пришел посланник Аллаха, Айша сказала ему: Я не видела женщин, которые бы столько страдали, сколько страдают мусульманские женщины. Посмотри, ее кожа зеленее, чем ее одежда! (После беседы с женщиной и её мужем) Мухаммед сказал, обращаясь к женщине: Ты не можешь вступить в новый брак (потому что твой муж не импотент и способен тебя сексуально удовлетворить).»|{{Bukhari|7|6|715}}}}


In the authentic version of the "[[Farewell Sermon]]", Muhammad compares women to domestic animals and once again orders men to beat their wives.
{{Цитата|Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported that her husband divorced her with three, pronouncements and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) made no provision for her lodging and maintenance allowance. She (further said): Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to me: When your period of 'Idda is over, inform me. So I informed him. (By that time) Mu'awiya, Abu Jahm and Usama b. Zaid had given her the proposal of marriage. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: So far as Mu'awiya is concerned, he is a poor man without any property. So far as Abu Jahm is concerned, '''he is a great beater of women''', but Usama b. Zaid... She pointed with her hand (that she did not approve of the idea of marrying) Usama. But Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon himn) said: Obedience to Allah and obedience to His Messenger is better for thee. She said: So I married him, and I became an object of envy. Fatima bint Qais (Allah be pleased with her) reported: My husband Abu 'Amr b. Hafs b. al-Mughira sent 'Ayyish b. Abu Rabi'a to me with a divorce, and he also sent through him five si's of dates and five si's of barley. I said: Is there no maintenance allowance for me but only this, and I cannot even spend my 'Idda period in your house? He said: No. She said: I dressed myself and came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). He said: How many pronouncements of divorce have been made for you? I said: Three. He said what he ('Ayyish b. Abu Rabi'a) had stated was true. There is no maintenance allowance for you. Spend 'Idda period in the house of your cousin, Ibn Umm Maktum. He is blind and you can put off your garment in his presence. And when you have spent your Idda period, you inform me. She said: Mu'awiya and Abu'l-Jahm (Allah be pleased with them) were among those who had given me the proposal of marriage. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: Mu'awiya is destitute and in poor condition and Abu'l-Jahm '''is very harsh with women (or he beats women, or like that)''', you should take Usama b. Zaid (as your husband).|{{Muslim|9|3526-3527}}}}
 
В своей «[[Прощальная проповедь Мухаммеда|Прощальной проповеди]]», Мухаммед сравнивает женщин с домашними животными и вновь велит бить жен.


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|pp. 112-113}}|"You have rights over your wives and they have rights over you. You have the right that they should not defile your bed and that they should not behave with open unseemliness. If they do, God allows you to put them in separate rooms and''' beat them''' but not with severity. If they refrain from these things they have the right to their food and clothing with kindness. Lay injunctions on women kindly, for they are prisoners with you having no control of their persons. You have taken them as a trust from God, and you have the enjoyment of their persons by the words of God, so understand…
{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|pp. 112-113}}|"You have rights over your wives and they have rights over you. You have the right that they should not defile your bed and that they should not behave with open unseemliness. If they do, God allows you to put them in separate rooms and''' beat them''' but not with severity. If they refrain from these things they have the right to their food and clothing with kindness. Lay injunctions on women kindly, for they are prisoners with you having no control of their persons. You have taken them as a trust from God, and you have the enjoyment of their persons by the words of God, so understand…

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